@article{Bauer_2022, title={Affine and formal abelian group schemes on $p$-polar rings}, volume={128}, url={https://www.mscand.dk/article/view/129704}, DOI={10.7146/math.scand.a-129704}, abstractNote={<p>We show that the functor of $p$-typical co-Witt vectors on commutative algebras over a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p$ is defined on, and in fact only depends on, a weaker structure than that of a $k$-algebra. We call this structure a $p$-polar $k$-algebra. By extension, the functors of points for any $p$-adic affine commutative group scheme and for any formal group are defined on, and only depend on, $p$-polar structures. In terms of abelian Hopf algebras, we show that a cofree cocommutative Hopf algebra can be defined on any $p$-polar $k$-algebra $P$, and it agrees with the cofree commutative Hopf algebra on a commutative $k$-algebra $A$ if $P$ is the $p$-polar algebra underlying $A$; a dual result holds for free commutative Hopf algebras on finite $k$-coalgebras.</p>}, number={1}, journal={MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA}, author={Bauer, Tilman}, year={2022}, month={Feb.} }